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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bell state ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bell state The Bell states are a concept in quantum information science and represent the most simple examples of entanglement. They are named after John S. Bell because they are the subject of his famous Bell inequality. An EPR pair is a pair of qubits (or quantum bits) which are in a Bell state together, that is, entangled with each other. Unlike classical phenomena such as the nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravitational fields, entanglement is invariant under distance of separation and is not subject to relativistic limitations such as the speed of light (though the no-communication theorem prevents this behaviour being used to transmit information faster than light, which would violate causality). ==The Bell states== The Bell states are four specific maximally entangled quantum states of two qubits. The degree to which a state in a quantum system consisting of two "particles" is entangled is measured by the Von Neumann entropy of either of the two reduced density operators of the state. The Von Neumann entropy of a pure state is zero - also for the bell states which are specific pure states. But the Von Neumann entropy of the reduced density operator of the Bell states is maximal.〔Quantum Entanglement in Electron Optics: Generation, Characterization, and Applications, Naresh Chandra, Rama Ghosh, Springer, 2013, ISBN 3642240704, p. 43, (Google Books )〕 The qubits are usually thought to be spatially separated. Nevertheless, they exhibit perfect correlation which cannot be explained without quantum mechanics. In order to explain this, it is important to first look at the Bell state $|\backslash Phi^+\backslash rangle$: :$|\backslash Phi^+\backslash rangle\; =\; \backslash frac$. Four specific two-qubit states with the maximal value of $2\backslash sqrt$ are designated as "Bell states". They are known as the four ''maximally entangled two-qubit Bell states'', and they form a convenient basis of the two-qubit Hilbert space: :$|\backslash Phi^+\backslash rangle\; =\; \backslash frac\{\backslash sqrt\{2\}\}\; (|0\backslash rangle\_A\; \backslash otimes\; |1\backslash rangle\_B\; -\; |1\backslash rangle\_A\; \backslash otimes\; |0\backslash rangle\_B).$ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bell state」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.